^{August 2016 Abstracts}

 

Clinical performance of bonded ceramic inlays/onlays: A 5- to 18-year retrospective longitudinal study

 

Ernesto Borgia Botto, dds,  Rosario Barón, dds  &  José Luis Borgia Botto, dds

 

Abstract: Purpose: This retrospective longitudinal study evaluated the clinical performance of bonded ceramic inlays/onlays, placed by the first author in his private practice, in a 5 to 18-year period. Methods: The patients evaluated had been treated in the office for at least 7 years and were still in the practice up to year 2013. 130 randomly selected patients agreed to participate in the study. 93 bonded ceramic inlays/onlays (BCRs), were placed on posterior teeth in 47 subjects. Gender, age, tooth preparation, number, type, extent, location, quality and survival of the restorations, ceramic materials, luting resins cements, parafunctional habits, secondary caries and maintenance therapy were the variables evaluated. Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, on the quality analysis of the restorations, ranged from 0.78 to 1. Fisher's exact test, Chi Square test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney non-parametric test were indicated to analyze significant differences. Results: At the initial examination, 87 (93.5%) restorations were in function and six failed (6.5%). 81 (93%) were rated as clinical successes. The observed mean survival time of those that remained functional was 11 years. The standard deviation was 4 years, with a 95% CI for the overall observed mean survival time (10 years-11 years, 9 months). 87 of 93 BCRs had a functional success of 93.5%, with an observed mean survival of 11 years. The clinical performance of bonded ceramic onlays was very acceptable. (Am J Dent 2016;29:187-192).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Ernesto Borgia Botto, Federico Abadie 2918, apt. 302, Montevideo, 11300, Uruguay. E-mail: eborgiabotto@gmail.com

 

 

 

A randomized 3-month clinical comparison of a power toothbrush to a manual toothbrush in the reduction of gingivitis

 

Zhen Li, mdsc, Tao He, dds, phd, Chun Li, bs,  Lily Sun, ms,  Jinlan Chang, bs,  Yanyan He, ms,  Jizhi Zhao, dds, md

&  Ning Ji, ms

 

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the anti-gingivitis effect of a power toothbrush relative to a manual toothbrush control. Methods: This was a 3-month, randomized and controlled, single-center, parallel group, examiner-blinded clinical study. 123 Chinese adults in good general health and with at least 15 gingival bleeding sites, as measured by the Gingival Bleeding Index, were enrolled into the study. At baseline, pre-treatment gingivitis levels were assessed using the Mazza Bleeding Index. Subjects were then randomly assigned to receive either an oscillating-rotating power toothbrush [Oral-B Professional Care 7000 (D17u/EB17)] or a flat-trim manual toothbrush with tapered filaments (Lion Dentor Systema). Subjects brushed at home twice-daily with their assigned toothbrush and a marketed sodium fluoride dentifrice (Crest Cavity Protection dentifrice), and were reevaluated at Months 1, 2, and 3. Results: 113 evaluable subjects completed the study. Both groups showed significant reductions in gingivitis from baseline for all time points measured (P< 0.001). At Months 1, 2 and 3, the power toothbrush demonstrated significantly greater gingivitis reductions of 7.11%, 9.20% and 8.47%, respectively, than the manual toothbrush (P< 0.01), and significantly fewer bleeding sites (17.3%, 23.9% and 24.3%, respectively, P< 0.05). No adverse events were reported or observed for either brush during the study. (Am J Dent 2016;29:193-196).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Jizhi Zhao, Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China. E-mail: zhaojizhi@pumch.cn

 

 

Correlation among periodontal health status, maternal age and pre-term low birth weight

 

Francesca Capasso, dds, Iole Vozza, dds, phd, Veronica Capuccio, rdh, Anna Rita Vestri, md, Antonella Polimeni, md, dds  &  Livia Ottolenghi, dds

 

Abstract: Purpose: To assess correlations between periodontal status, maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-term and low birth weight in a sample of pregnant women. Methods: Study population was represented by outpatient pregnant women, gestational age > 26 weeks. Medical history questionnaires were administered to all participants who underwent clinical evaluation; clinical obstetric outcome records were collected after delivery. A questionnaire was administered regarding personal information, socio-economic status, oral hygiene habits, and oral health conditions. A clinical oral examination was performed to collect Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Pregnancy outcome records included: delivery week, kind and causes of delivery, any relevant complications, and birth weight. Descriptive statistics were used to depict the data from the questionnaire while the relationship between delivery week, birth weight, maternal age and periodontal status was evaluated through multivariate tests of significance. Results: 88 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. The results showed a statistically significant correlation (P< 0.001) among participants older than 40 years of age, between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. No statistical correlation was found among pre-term and low birth weight, smoking, ethnicity and educational level of mothers. The results highlight the importance of including a routine oral and periodontal health examination in pregnant women older than 40 years of age. (Am J Dent 2016;29:197-200).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Iole Vozza, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6 - 00161 Rome, Italy. E-mail: iole.vozza@uniroma1.it

 

 

 

Direct pulp capping procedures versus root canal treatment in young permanent vital teeth with pulp exposure due to caries. A systematic review

 

Joséphine Brodén, dds, Håvard Heimdal, dds, mdsc, Oliver Josefsson, dds, mdsc & Helena Fransson, dds, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the available evidence on pulp capping procedures and root canal treatment in young permanent teeth with vital pulps exposed by caries. Methods: The study was conducted as a systematic review of the literature. Three databases, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and The Cochrane Library were searched. Reference lists of relevant articles were hand searched. The quality of all relevant publications was rated. Results: Ten original scientific studies were included in the review. The quality was rated as low in all studies. The search failed to disclose any article directly comparing pulp capping and root canal treatment. The level of evidence was insufficient to draw any conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the two treatment concepts. High success rates are reported for pulp capping procedures in exposure due to caries, though it is not possible to compare them to success rates of root canal treatment. The review confirms the lack of high quality studies on the treatment of young permanent teeth with cariously exposed pulps. (Am J Dent 2016;29:201-207).

 

 

 

Mail: Dr. Helena Fransson, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden. E-mail: Helena.Fransson@mah.se

 

Effects of carbodiimide dentin surface treatment on resin-dentin bonding

 

Yi  Zhang, dds, Lin  Tang, dds, Yuhua  Liu, dds, Yongsheng  Zhou, dds, phd, Kwok–Hung  Chung, dds, phd &  Daniel C.N. Chan, dmd, ms, dds

 

Abstract: Purpose: To assess the effects of ethanol-based 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) dentin surface treatment on resin-dentin bonding and dentin collagen fibril biodegradation. Methods: Acid-etched dentin surfaces were pretreated with different concentrations of ethanol-based EDC solutions (0.01-2M) for 60 seconds, followed by two-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive application and resin composite bonding. Dentin surfaces pretreated with either ethanol alone or no pretreatment were used as controls. The specimens were subjected to microtensile bond strength testing after storage in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37°C for either 24 hours or 90 days. Furthermore, demineralized dentin slabs with and without ethanol-based EDC pretreatment were exposed to a collagenase solution for 24 hours, and subsequent hydroxyproline release was measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and multiple comparison tests at α= 0.05. Results: The bond strength values were significantly lower for dentin surfaces pretreated with 1 and 2 M ethanol-based EDC than for the control surfaces (P< 0.05). The 0.01, 0.1, and 0.3 M ethanol-based EDC pretreated groups obtained significantly higher bond strength values at 90 days compared to controls. Hydroxyproline release measurements revealed that there were significantly lower levels released in the 0.3 and 1 M ethanol-based EDC pretreated specimens than for controls (P< 0.05). (Am J Dent 2016;29:208-212).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Yuhua Liu, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China. E-mail: liuyuhua@hsc.pku.edu.cn

 

 

Efficacy of a new filler-containing root coating material for dentin remineralization

 

Katsushi Okuyama, dds, phd, Yoshitaka Kadowaki, dds, phd, Yasuhiro Matsuda, dds, phd, Naoki Hashimoto, dds, phd, Saiko Oki, dds, phd, Hiroko Yamamoto, dds, phd, Yukimichi Tamaki, dds, phd & Hidehiko Sano, dds, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate a new root coating material containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler for remineralization of demineralized dentin. Methods: The dentin was exposed on root surfaces of human third molars and demineralized by immersion in demineralization solution for 4 days. The demineralized dentin surface was divided into three areas. The center area was left untreated. The area on one side of the center area was coated with protective wax. The area on the other side was coated with one of four test materials: fluoride-containing S-PRG filler (PRG Barrier Coat: PR), fluoride-containing bonding agent (Bond Force: BF), fluoride-containing glass-ionomer cement as a positive control (Fuji IX EXTRA: EX), or non-fluoride-containing bonding agent as a negative control (Clearfil MegaBond: MB). The samples were stored in remineralization solution for 7 days, and then cut into two slices. The mineral changes, defined as variation in mineral loss between wax-coated area and the central untreated area, were measured in one slice by transversal microradiography. The fluoride concentration was measured in the other slice by µ-particle-induced gamma/X-ray emission. Seven thin specimens (0.25-mm thickness) of each test material were used to determine fluoride ion release from the materials over 21 days. Results: The mineral changes were greatest for EX, followed by PR, with no difference between BF and MB (P> 0.05). Regarding the fluoride concentrations in dentin, there was no difference between EX and PR (P> 0.05). MB had the lowest value (P< 0.01). Fluoride release from EX was largest, followed by PR, with BF showing low fluoride release (P< 0.05). MB had no fluoride release. (Am J Dent 2016;29:213-218).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Katsushi Okuyama, Department of Dental Materials Science, Division of Oral Functional Sciences and Rehabilitation, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Hozumi 1851, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan. E-mail: katsu@dent.asahi-u.ac.jp

 

 

Cytogenetic damage in exfoliated oral buccal cells by dental composites

 

Antonija  Tadin, dmd, msc, phd, Nada  Galic, dmd, msc, phd, Danijela  Marovic, dmd, phd, Lidia  Gavic, dmd, phd, Eva  Klaric, dmd, phd, Slavica  Pejda, dmd, phd, Klara  Ugrin &  Davor  Zeljzic, msc, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the possible geno/cytotoxic effects of dental composite materials by assessing the frequency of micronuclei formation and other nuclear abnormalities in the exfoliated buccal epithelium. Methods: Swabs were taken from the buccal mucosa of 85 young healthy subjects. All participants had healthy dentition or dentition restored only with composite materials. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity was assessed by micronucleus assay. Results: The results indicated no significant difference in number of oral mucosa cells with micronuclei in subjects with different numbers of composite restored tooth surfaces (P= 0.476). Also, the number of restored surfaces had no effect on nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, such as karyolysis (P= 0.572), karyorrehexis (P= 0.573) and picnosis (P= 0.765). (Am J Dent 2016;29:219-222).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Antonija Tadin, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, Study of Dental Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia.  E-mail: atadin@mefst.hr

 

 

 

Fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (45°x: 45°) for color analysis of dental composite

 

Marco Gargano, mphys,  Nicola Ludwig, phd, mphys,  Veronica Federighi, dmd, Ros Sykes, dmd, Giovanni Lodi , dmd, Andrea Sardella, md, dmd, Antonio Carrassi, md, dmd  &   Elena M. Varoni, phd, dmd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the application of a fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) prototype probe for 45°x: 45° FORS for determining color of dental materials. A portable spectrophotometer with a highly manageable fiber optics co-axial probe was used to apply 45°x: 45° FORS for color matching in restorative dentistry. Methods: The color coordinates in CIELAB space of two dental shade guides and of the corresponding photopolymerized composites were collected and compared. The 45°x: 45° FORS with the co-axial probe (test system), the integrating sphere spectroscopy (reference system) and a commercial dental colorimeter (comparator system) were used to collect data and calculate color differences (ΔE and ΔE₀₀). Results: FORS system displayed high repeatability, reproducibility and accuracy. ΔE and ΔE₀₀ values between the shade-guide, each other, and the corresponding composites resulted above the clinically acceptable limit. The 45°x: 45°FORS test system demonstrated suitable in vitro performance for dental composite color evaluation. (Am J Dent 2016;29:223-228).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Elena Maria Varoni, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Milan , Via Beldiletto 1, 20133 Milano , Italy .  E-mail: elena.varoni@unimi.it

 

 

Detection of occlusal caries with impedance spectroscopy and laser fluorescence before and after placement of fissure sealants: An in vitro study

 

Diana Mortensen, dds,  Kim Rud Ekstrand, dds phd  &  Svante Twetman, dds, phd, odont dr

 

Abstract: Purposes: To (1) investigate the influence of fissure sealants on impedance spectroscopy (ACIS) and laser fluorescence (LF) readings, (2) compare the performance of the ACIS device with the LF technique and visual inspection (ICDAS) in permanent molars with various degrees of occlusal caries, and (3) validate all methods against radiographs and histological hemi-sectioning. Methods: 102 permanent molars were randomly selected to represent different stages of occlusal caries, from clinically sound to minor cavities. The teeth were examined by one trained examiner and scored with CarieScan PRO, the DIAGNOdent pen and ICDAS at baseline, after bleaching, etching and placement of a clear fissure sealant. A digital radiograph was exposed at baseline. After the assessments, the actual lesion depth was histologically determined. Results: Bleaching did not affect the readings but significantly higher ACIS and LF-pen values were recorded after acid etching (P< 0.05). The placement of a fissure sealant increased the LF-pen readings significantly (P< 0.05) while no values could be obtained with the ACIS device. Both the baseline ACIS and LF-pen values were significantly associated (P< 0.05) with the lesion depth but visual inspection displayed the best correlation with radiographs and histology. The ACIS technology displayed high sensitivity and specificity for detecting extensive occlusal lesions. (Am J Dent 2016;29:229-233).

 

 

Mail: Dr. Diana Mortensen, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.  E-mail: dia@sund.ku.dk

 

 

 

Heat generated during light-curing of restorative composites: Effect of curing light, exotherm, and experiment substrate

 

Amy  Balestrino, bs,  Crisnicaw  Veríssimo, dds, ms, phd,  Daranee  Tantbirojn, dds, ms, phd, Franklin García-Godoy, dds, ms, phd, phd, Carlos J. Soares, dds, ms, phd  &  Antheunis Versluis, phd

 

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate temperature rise, separating heat caused by irradiation and exotherm for three composites polymerized with three curing lights. The effect of substrate on temperature measurements was also determined. Methods: Composite samples (n= 5) (Filtek Supreme Ultra, Filtek LS, and EsthetX HD) were placed on a thermocouple tip inside three substrates (aluminum, Delrin, and tooth). The composites were photoactivated using three curing lights (Elipar 2500 QTH, SmartLite Max LED, DemiUltra LED) at 1 mm distance. Irradiance was 798, 980, and 1,135 mW/cm², respectively. Exotherm was determined by subtracting post-cure from the polymerization temperature curves. ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls post-hoc tests were used to analyze differences among peak temperatures and exotherms (significance level 0.05). Results: SmartLite LED curing light resulted in higher peak temperatures and exotherms compared to the DemiUltra LED and QTH for all tested composites (16.9-20.4°C vs 12.3-14.7°C vs 8.9-9.7°C). Thus, the LEDs produced higher temperature rises than the QTH, and the LED with lower irradiance caused higher temperature rise than the LED with higher irradiance. The silorane-based Filtek LS generated significantly higher exotherm than the methacrylate-based EsthetX HD and Filtek Supreme Ultra (6.2-7.6°C vs 3.6-4.5°C vs 2.7-3.6°C). Substrate affected temperatures significantly. Temperature profiles found in Delrin substrate were comparable to tooth substrate, while aluminum substrate reduced temperatures 10-20 degrees. (Am J Dent 2016;29:234-240).

 

 

 

 

 

Mail: Dr. Antheunis Versluis, Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. E-mail: antheun@uthsc.edu